My other hobby would be weather. If things had worked out I would be a weatherman right now. Like seriously, there are very few things in this world that make me as excited as weather, particularly extreme weather like tornadoes, super cells, hurricanes, derechos, large hail or extreme amounts of lightning, etc. I would honestly have stayed in school long enough to get a PhD with a focus on tornadogenesis and exactly how they form. Ground up or top down.
Especially since one of the biggest things you need for tornadoes are large amounts of shear and enough energy to create a super cell. Though they can also form along squall lines like an MCS (mesoscale convective system) or a QLCS (quasi linear convective system). Particularly during derecho events. Though most of those are not strong and short lived.
I digress. You can get tornadoes from events like in low CAPE (convective available potential energy) high shear event, or during very high cape events with moderate shear. You can even get it when there is a * ton of cape but not a lot of shear. The explosive updrafts from the extremely buoyant air make up for the lack of shear.
a note on cape. CAPE is how much energy the atmosphere has per kg of air measured in Joules/kg. You need good amount of shear and around 1000-1500 cape for a super cell that can produce a tornado. Maybe 500-1000 in a low cape high shear event.
Though during a high cape event (2000+ cape though I have seen cape as high as 7000-8000 which is an absolutely stupid amount of energy. Like seriously, the difference between 1500 cape and 7000 is like an engine with 250hp vs a dragster and over 3000hp) you can get a situation where there are very high dew points, lots of daytime heating and a cap event (basically a layer of stable air over top of unstable air keeping the bottom layer from rising/convetcting) can keep things stable. However, as the daytime heating and updrafts form you can get a cap inversion to occur as the updrafts upset the “cap”. Though in this situation the cap is very strong. Basically like putting a cork into a champagne bottle. However, as daytime heating occurs and then things approach night you can eroding of this cap layer causing an inversion. With a little shear, bit of helicity and a cold cold front or some other upper air current and boom, explosive thunderstorm developement. Though these kinds situations can also lead to a dreaded derecho event too. Derechos are scary as hell and can do a hell of a lot more damage.
helicity in the atmosphere is the amount of spin in an updraft.
anyways yeah. Weather